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PICO: Form a Focused Clinical Question

Critically Appraise the Evidence

Take a look at each of the articles you selected in your search and answer the questions below.

1. Are the results valid?

  • How strong is the evidence?

  • What was the study design, and is it most appropriate for the question domain (refer to tab 2.Align: Levels of Evidence)? 

  • Was there bias?

2. Are the results important?

  • How large was the treatment effect?

  • Are results clinically significant (not just statistically significant)?

3. Will the results help me care for my patient?

  • Does it answer my question?

  • Is the study's patient population similar enough to my patient (after exclusion criteria)?

4. Does this resource help me answer my PICO/clinical question well enough to write about it?

  • Is it an important article in this particular field?
  • Does it directly address at least one part of my PICO question?
  • Will it help me make my argument?

Recommended Resources

Critical appraisal worksheets are available at the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Visit the CEBM website to download available worksheets that help appraise systematic reviews, RCTs, and studies addressing diagnostic/prognostic questions.

CEBM: Center for evidence based medicine


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